Objective: To explore the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular events in hematological neoplasms patients treated with anthracyclines in the real world. Methods: A total of 408 patients with lymphoma and leukemia, who were treated with anthracyclines during hospitalization in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2021, were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into cardiovascular event group (n=74) and non-cardiovascular event group (n=334). The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events (arrhythmia, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction etc.) after anthracyclines therapy. The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-cause death, discontinued chemotherapy due to cardiovascular events. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier was performed to calculate the incidence of all-cause mortality. Results: The mean age was (55.6±14.9) years, and there were 227 male patients (55.6%) in this cohort. The median follow-up time was 45 months. During follow-up, cardiovascular adverse events occurred in 74 patients (18.1%), including 45 heart failure (38 were heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), 30 arrhythmia, 4 acute myocardial infarction and 2 myocarditis/pericarditis. Multivariate regression analysis showed age (OR=1.024, 95%CI 1.003-1.045, P=0.027) and history of hypertension over 10 years (OR=2.328, 95%CI 1.055-5.134, P=0.036) were independent risk factors for the cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed mortality was significantly higher in cardiovascular event group than in non-cardiovascular event group (47.3% vs. 26.6%, P=0.001). In the cardiovascular event group, chemotherapy was discontinued in 9 cases (12.2%) due to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death occurred in 7 cases (9.5%). Conclusions: Although heart failure is the main cardiovascular event in lymphoma and leukemia patients post anthracyclines therapy, other cardiovascular events especially arrhythmias are also common. The presence of cardiovascular events is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality in these patients. Age and long-term hypertension are independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in lymphoma and leukemia patients after anthracyclines treatment.
目的： 探索真实世界中应用蒽环类药物（AC）的血液系统肿瘤患者心血管事件的发生情况及影响因素。 方法： 本研究为回顾性研究。入选2018年1月1日至2021年7月31日于大连医科大学附属第一医院住院的所有应用过AC的淋巴瘤、白血病患者共408例。依据患者是否发生心血管事件将其分为心血管事件组（74例）和非心血管事件组（334例）。主要终点事件是患者在应用AC后出现的心血管事件（包括心律失常、心力衰竭、急性心肌梗死等）；次要终点事件是全因死亡、心原性死亡、因心血管事件停止化疗。采用多因素logistic回归分析筛选心血管事件发生的危险因素，采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线比较两组患者的生存时间。 结果： 本研究共纳入408例患者，年龄（55.6±14.9）岁，其中男性227例（55.6%）。中位随访时间为45个月，随访期间74例（18.1%）出现了心血管事件，为心血管事件组，余334例为非心血管事件组。心血管事件组中心力衰竭45例（38例为射血分数保留型心力衰竭）、心律失常30例、急性心肌梗死4例、心肌炎/心包炎2例。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示高血压病程≥10年（OR=2.328，95%CI 1.055~5.134，P=0.036）、年龄（OR=1.024，95%CI 1.003~1.045，P=0.027）是发生心血管事件的独立影响因素。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示心血管事件组的全因死亡率高于非心血管事件组（47.3%比26.6%，P=0.001）。心血管事件组中有9例（12.2%）因心血管事件停止化疗，7例（9.5%）因心血管事件死亡。 结论： 尽管淋巴瘤、白血病患者应用AC后发生的心血管事件以心力衰竭为主，但心律失常等事件亦不少见；出现心血管事件可增加患者全因死亡风险；年龄、长期高血压是淋巴瘤、白血病患者应用AC后出现心血管事件的独立危险因素。.