Objective: To explore the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) combined with hemodialysis (HD) (HD+HP) on protein energy wasting (PEW) and long-term prognosis in patients on maintenance HD (MHD). Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted. Adult MHD patients who completed PEW assessment and underwent regular dialysis between July 2015 and July 2021 at 23 hemodialysis centers in Guizhou Province were selected. Demographic characteristics, physical indicators, laboratory indicators, 3-day diet diary and HP treatment data of the subjects were collected. The patients were divided into different groups according to the presence or absence of HP, the frequency of HP treatment and the type of cartridge, and then relevant indicators were compared. Multivariate logistic regression model and Cox proportional regression model were used to analyze the influence of HP treatment on PEW risk in MHD patients. Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curve. Results: A total of 4 623 MHD patients (2 789 males and 1 834 females) aged (53.7±15.9) years were included in the study, with a median dialysis age of 64.3 (44.3, 92.3) months. There were 3 429 (74.2%) MHD patients treated with HD+HP, and 1 194 patients (25.8%) were not treated with HP. According to the 2008 diagnostic criteria of the International Society for Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM), the incidence of PEW was 26.0% (1 204/4 623). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.55-3.95, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.08-2.83, P=0.024) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03, P=0.003) were risk factors for PEW, while treatment with HD+HP (OR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.31-0.87, P=0.012) and elevated triglyceride levels (OR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.48-0.80, P<0.001) were protective factors. Cox hazard ratio regression showed that among different HP treatment frequencies and cartridge types, 2 times/month (HR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.17-0.95, P=0.037), 3 times/month (HR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.23-0.85, P=0.014), 4 times/month (HR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.34-0.85, P=0.008), HA130 (HR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.36-0.89, P=0.014) and HA230 (HR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.15-0.63, P=0.001) had protective effects on the occurrence of PEW in MHD patients. The all-cause mortality rate was 11.3% (521/4 623) at 33 (24, 48) months of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients undergoing 4 times/month HP treatment (χ2=36.78, P<0.001) and using HA230 (χ2=9.46, P=0.002) had the highest survival rate. Conclusion: Treatment with HD+HP is a protective factor for PEW in patients with MHD, and 4 times/month HP treatment or HA230 significantly reduces the risk of PEW and all-cause mortality in patients with MHD.
目的： 探讨血液灌流（HP）联合血液透析（HD）治疗对维持性HD（MHD）患者蛋白质能量消耗（PEW）及长期预后的影响。 方法： 前瞻性多中心队列研究。选取2015年7月至2021年7月贵州省23家血液透析中心规律透析并完成PEW评估的成年MHD患者。收集研究对象的人口学特征、人体物理测量指标、实验室指标、三日饮食日记及HP治疗资料。根据是否接受HP、HP治疗频率及灌流器容量类型进行分组比较。采用多因素logistic回归模型和Cox比例风险回归模型分析HP治疗对MHD患者PEW发生风险的影响，Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线。 结果： 共纳入4 623例MHD患者，男2 789例，女1 834例，年龄（53.7±15.9）岁，透析龄64.3（44.3，92.3）个月。3 429例（74.2%）MHD患者进行HD+HP治疗，1 194例（25.8%）未进行HP治疗。根据国际肾脏营养与代谢学会（ISRNM）2008诊断标准评估PEW发生率为26.0%（1 204/4 623）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，女性（OR=2.48，95%CI：1.55~3.95，P<0.001）、糖尿病（OR=1.75，95%CI：1.08~2.83，P=0.024）和超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）（OR=1.02，95%CI：1.01~1.03，P=0.003）是发生PEW的危险因素，接受HD+HP治疗（OR=0.51，95%CI：0.31~0.87，P=0.012）和甘油三酯水平升高（OR=0.62，95%CI：0.48~0.80，P<0.001）是其保护因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示，2次/月（HR=0.40，95%CI：0.17~0.95，P=0.037）、3次/月（HR=0.44，95%CI：0.23~0.85，P=0.014）和4次/月（HR=0.54，95%CI：0.34~0.85，P=0.008）HP治疗频率，以及HA130（HR=0.57，95%CI：0.36~0.89，P=0.014）和HA230（HR=0.30，95%CI：0.15~0.63，P=0.001）灌流器类型对MHD患者PEW的发生具有保护作用。随访33（24，48）个月，全因死亡率为11.3%（521/4 623）。Kaplan-Meier分析结果显示HP治疗频率4次/月组（χ2=36.78，P<0.001）和HA230灌流器组（χ2=9.46 P=0.002）MHD患者生存率最高。 结论： 接受HP联合HD治疗是MHD患者发生PEW的保护因素，HP治疗频率2~4次/月及灌流器HA130、HA230联合HD可降低MHD患者PEW和全因死亡风险。.