The glycolysis/HIF-1α axis defines the inflammatory role of IL-4-primed macrophages

Cell Rep. 2023 May 30;42(5):112471. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112471. Epub 2023 May 6.

Abstract

T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine-activated M2 macrophages contribute to inflammation resolution and wound healing. This study shows that IL-4-primed macrophages exhibit a stronger response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation while maintaining M2 signature gene expression. Metabolic divergence between canonical M2 and non-canonical proinflammatory-prone M2 (M2INF) macrophages occurs after the IL-4Rα/Stat6 axis. Glycolysis supports Hif-1α stabilization and proinflammatory phenotype of M2INF macrophages. Inhibiting glycolysis blunts Hif-1α accumulation and M2INF phenotype. Wdr5-dependent H3K4me3 mediates the long-lasting effect of IL-4, with Wdr5 knockdown inhibiting M2INF macrophages. Our results also show that the induction of M2INF macrophages by IL-4 intraperitoneal injection and transferring of M2INF macrophages confer a survival advantage against bacterial infection in vivo. In conclusion, our findings highlight the previously neglected non-canonical role of M2INF macrophages and broaden our understanding of IL-4-mediated physiological changes. These results have immediate implications for how Th2-skewed infections could redirect disease progression in response to pathogen infection.

Keywords: CP: Immunology; CP: Metabolism; Hif1α; IL-4; M2 macrophage; epigenetics; glycolysis; trained immunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Glycolysis / physiology
  • Humans
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / metabolism
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4* / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4* / pharmacology
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • Macrophages* / metabolism

Substances

  • Interleukin-4
  • Cytokines
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • WDR5 protein, human
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins