Mechanical Ventilation: Negative to Positive and Back Again

Abstract

Critical care and mechanical ventilation have a relatively brief history in medicine. Premises existed through the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries but modern mechanical ventilation started in the twentieth century. Noninvasive ventilation techniques had started both in the intensive care unit and for home ventilation at the end of the 1980s and the 1990s. The need for mechanical ventilation is increasingly influenced worldwide by the spread of respiratory viruses, and the last coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has seen a massive successful use of noninvasive ventilation.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute respiratory failure; Heart–lung interaction; Negative-pressure ventilation; Positive-pressure ventilation; Respiratory physiology; Ventilation-induced lung injury.