Methyl gallic acid entrapped ethosomal nano-vesicular system augments cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma

Prajitha K Rajan; Sitaram Harihar; Nageswara Rao Dunna; Ashok Kumar; Naresh Narayanan Prabakaran; Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian

doi:10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6

Methyl gallic acid entrapped ethosomal nano-vesicular system augments cytotoxicity against squamous cell carcinoma

3 Biotech. 2023 Jul;13(7):229. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6. Epub 2023 Jun 10.

Authors

Prajitha K Rajan¹, Sitaram Harihar¹, Nageswara Rao Dunna², Ashok Kumar³, Naresh Narayanan Prabakaran¹, Sivaramakrishnan Venkatabalasubramanian¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203 Tamil Nadu India.
² Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA-Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401 India.
³ Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, 462026 India.

PMID: 37309404
PMCID: PMC10257610 (available on 2024-07-01)
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6

Abstract

Methylated gallic acid (MGA) is a potent anticancer biomolecular entity (BME). Loading MGA into a nano-vesicular (NV) drug delivery system using nanotechnology approaches can increase the efficiency of the drug and its release characteristics. This study aimed to develop an ethosomal nano-vesicular (ENV) system loaded with MGA that shows augmented entrapment efficiency, release rate, and cytotoxic potential against oral cancer. The ENV system was synthesized using Soy lecithin, ethanol, and propylene glycol. The ENV system's characterization (DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, FT-IR) with and without MGA was performed. The cytotoxicity evaluation of MGA alone compared to the MGA-loaded ENV system was performed against the squamous cell carcinoma-9 (SCC-9) cell line. The DLS and zeta potential analysis revealed the size of the ENV system as 58.2 nm and-43.5 mV charge, respectively. MGA loading to ENV system increased size to 63 nm and decreased charge to -2.8 mV. Peaks of FTIR analysis confirmed the encapsulation of MGA in the ENV system. TEM studies revealed the spherical surface morphology of the MGA-loaded ENV system. Compared with conventional MGA alone administration, ENV loaded with MGA showed better drug absorption and bioavailability in vitro. Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity results firmly establish the improved therapeutic potential of ENV loaded with MGA against oral cancer cells than MGA alone.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03652-6.

Keywords: Biological evaluation; Drug delivery system; Ethosomal nanovesicle system; Methyl gallic acid; Nanotechnology; Oral cancer.

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