The effect of nonrestorative sleep on incident hypertension 1-2 years later among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos

Kaori Saitoh; Takuya Yoshiike; Yoshiyuki Kaneko; Tomohiro Utsumi; Kentaro Matsui; Kentaro Nagao; Aoi Kawamura; Rei Otsuki; Yuichiro Otsuka; Sayaka Aritake-Okada; Yoshitaka Kaneita; Hiroshi Kadotani; Kenichi Kuriyama; Masahiro Suzuki

doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16368-2

The effect of nonrestorative sleep on incident hypertension 1-2 years later among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos

BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 31;23(1):1456. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16368-2.

Authors

Kaori Saitoh^{1

2

3

4}, Takuya Yoshiike², Yoshiyuki Kaneko^{1

2}, Tomohiro Utsumi^{2

5}, Kentaro Matsui^{2

6

7}, Kentaro Nagao^{2

8

9}, Aoi Kawamura², Rei Otsuki^{1

2}, Yuichiro Otsuka¹⁰, Sayaka Aritake-Okada^{2

11}, Yoshitaka Kaneita^{2

10}, Hiroshi Kadotani¹², Kenichi Kuriyama^{2

8}, Masahiro Suzuki^{13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
² Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
⁴ Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuro-Psychiatrie translationnelle, Créteil, France.
⁵ Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
⁸ Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰ Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.
¹² Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan. suzuki.masahiro94@nihon-u.ac.jp.
¹⁴ Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. suzuki.masahiro94@nihon-u.ac.jp.

Abstract

Background: Insomnia is known to be a major risk factor for incident hypertension. Nonrestorative sleep (NRS), which refers to insufficiently rested sleep, has reported to associate with various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between insomnia-related symptoms including NRS and incident hypertension 1-2 years later by age group (young, 18-39 years and middle-age, 40-64 years) using existing cohort data involving Hispanics/Latinos.

Methods: This study included 1100 subjects who had participated in both the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and its follow-up study, the Sueño Ancillary Study, and met additional eligibility criteria. Incident hypertension was assessed by self-reported history and/or the use of antihypertensives. The Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) was used to evaluate insomnia-related symptoms (difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, difficulty returning to sleep, and NRS). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the degree to which insomnia-related symptoms at baseline predicted incident hypertension.

Results: Among the participants (64% middle-aged, 36% young adults), 140 (12.7%) developed hypertension during the follow-up period. Among the sleep-related symptoms, only NRS predicted incident hypertension after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and physical condition (odds ratio: 1.88, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-3.21, p = 0.022) in middle-aged adults. None of the insomnia-related symptoms were associated with incident hypertension in the young adults. No association was found between WHIIRS-defined insomnia (total score ≥ 9) and incident hypertension in middle-aged adults or young adults.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest the importance of focusing on NRS to help prevent the development of hypertension in middle-aged adults.

Keywords: Hispanic/Latinos; Incident hypertension; Insomnia; Middle-aged adults; Nonrestorative sleep; Young adults.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hispanic or Latino
Humans
Hypertension* / epidemiology
Middle Aged
Sleep
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* / epidemiology
Young Adult

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding