Efficacy and safety of daratumumab in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background: Daratumumab as a monoclonal antibody has shown promising results in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, the efficacy and safety of daratumumab-based regimens compared to control regimens have not been fully established.

Methods: The search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases) up to December 2022. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in the treatment of RRMM. Data were extracted from eligible studies and were presented as hazard ratio or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials comprising 2003 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that daratumumab-based regimens significantly improved progression-free survival compared to control regimens (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% CI 0.32-0.60, P < .00001). Additionally, daratumumab-based regimens significantly improved overall response rate compared to control regimens (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.16-1.36, P < .00001). the rate of minimal residual disease was also significantly higher in the daratumumab-based regimens (RR = 6.10, 95% CI 4.09-9.11, P < .00001). However, there was an increased risk of pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, and diarrhea in the daratumumab-based regimens.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that daratumumab-based regimens are effective in the treatment of RRMM, improving progression-free survival, minimal residual disease, and overall response rate. However, there is an increased risk of pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections, and diarrhea. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of daratumumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma.