Proliferation of HIV-1-infected cells contributes to viral persistence despite antiretroviral therapy. A new study by Kufera et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231511) demonstrates that proliferative growth of cells infected with genome-intact HIV-1 is not limitless; rather, these cells seem to be at least partially refractory to TCR stimulation, restricting their ability to proliferate in response to antigenic challenge.
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