Ketogenic therapy towards precision medicine for brain diseases

Yang Liu; Linlin Fan; Haoying Yang; Danli Wang; Runhan Liu; Tikun Shan; Xue Xia

doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1266690

Ketogenic therapy towards precision medicine for brain diseases

Front Nutr. 2024 Feb 21:11:1266690. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1266690. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yang Liu^#^{1

2}, Linlin Fan^#², Haoying Yang^#², Danli Wang^#³, Runhan Liu², Tikun Shan⁴, Xue Xia^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
² Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
³ Zhoushan People's Hospital, Zhoushan, China.
⁴ Neurosurgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
⁵ School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Precision nutrition and nutrigenomics are emerging in the development of therapies for multiple diseases. The ketogenic diet (KD) is the most widely used clinical diet, providing high fat, low carbohydrate, and adequate protein. KD produces ketones and alters the metabolism of patients. Growing evidence suggests that KD has therapeutic effects in a wide range of neuronal diseases including epilepsy, neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Although KD is considered to be a low-side-effect diet treatment, its therapeutic mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Also, its induced keto-response among different populations has not been elucidated. Understanding the ketone metabolism in health and disease is critical for the development of KD-associated therapeutics and synergistic therapy under any physiological background. Here, we review the current advances and known heterogeneity of the KD response and discuss the prospects for KD therapy from a precision nutrition perspective.

Keywords: brain disease; ketogenic diet; neural disease; nutrigenomics; precision medicine.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32001432), the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M690903), the Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province (202102110478), the Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Joint project (LHGJ20210333), and the Department of Health of Zhejiang Province Technology Project, Health Committee of Zhejiang Province (2021KY382).