Herd-level associations between the proportion of elevated prepartum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and postpartum diseases, reproduction, or culling on dairy farms

J Denis-Robichaud; I Nicola; H Chupin; J-P Roy; S Buczinski; V Fauteux; N Picard-Hagen; R Cue; J Dubuc

doi:10.3168/jdsc.2023-0510

Herd-level associations between the proportion of elevated prepartum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and postpartum diseases, reproduction, or culling on dairy farms

JDS Commun. 2024 Jan 15;5(3):210-214. doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0510. eCollection 2024 May.

Authors

J Denis-Robichaud¹, I Nicola², H Chupin², J-P Roy², S Buczinski², V Fauteux², N Picard-Hagen³, R Cue⁴, J Dubuc²

Affiliations

¹ Independent researcher, Amqui, Québec, Canada G5J 2N5.
² Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
³ TOXALIM, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France 31300.
⁴ Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada H9X 3V9.

Abstract

The objectives of this herd-level prospective observational cohort study were to describe the proportion of cows with elevated prepartum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations (PropElevNEFA) in dairy herds and to assess the herd-level associations between PropElevNEFA and postpartum diseases, reproductive performance, and culling. From November 2018 to December 2020, a convenience sample of 49 herds was enrolled in this study. Blood sampling (16 to 29 cows per herd) was performed during the week before and during the 2 wk following calving to quantify the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate acids (BHBA), respectively. Elevated NEFA was defined as ≥280 µmol/L and hyperketonemia as BHBA ≥1.4 mmol/L. Retained placenta, metritis, purulent vaginal discharge, endometritis, and mastitis were diagnosed on-farm following standardized definitions, and success at first artificial insemination (AI) and culling events were recorded. The associations between PropElevNEFA and each individual disease, success at first AI, and culling were evaluated using Bayesian aggregated binomial regression models with weakly informative priors, from the which odds ratio (OR) and the 95% credible intervals (BCI) were obtained. A total of 981 cows were included in the statistical analyses representing 16 to 29 (median = 19) cows per herd. Cows were enrolled in the prepartum period of their first to tenth (median = third) lactation, and 41% of them had an elevated prepartum NEFA concentration. At the herd level, PropElevNEFA varied between 11% and 78% (median = 39%). The odds of metritis (OR = 1.37, 95% BCI = 1.13-1.67) increased for every 10-point increase in PropElevNEFA, whereas the odds of success at first AI decreased (OR = 0.69, 95% BCI = 0.59-0.80). The PropElevNEFA was not associated with the other tested diseases or culling. Our results suggest that the herd-level proportion of cows having elevated prepartum NEFA concentrations is associated with metritis and poor success at first AI in dairy herds.