Early-Onset Hypertension and Sex-Specific Residual Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care. 2024 Jun 1;47(6):1028-1031. doi: 10.2337/dc23-2275.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether the sex disparities in type 2 diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks may be related to early-onset hypertension that could benefit from intensive blood pressure (BP) control.

Research design and methods: We analyzed intensive versus standard BP control in relation to incident CVD events in women and men with type 2 diabetes, based on their age of hypertension diagnosis.

Results: Among 3,792 adults with type 2 diabetes (49% women), multivariable-adjusted CVD risk was increased per decade earlier age at hypertension diagnosis (hazard ratio 1.11 [1.03-1.21], P = 0.006). Excess risk associated with early-diagnosed hypertension was attenuated in the presence of intensive versus standard antihypertensive therapy in women (P = 0.036) but not men (P = 0.76).

Conclusions: Women with type 2 diabetes and early-onset hypertension may represent a higher-risk subpopulation that not only contributes to the excess in diabetes-related CVD risk for women but may benefit from intensive BP control.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age of Onset
  • Aged
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension* / complications
  • Hypertension* / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors