Stroke events and risk factors in older patients with moyamoya disease

Yudai Hirano; Satoru Miyawaki; Hideaki Imai; Hiroki Hongo; Satoshi Kiyofuji; Seiei Torazawa; Satoshi Koizumi; Ryota Miyazawa; Nobuhito Saito

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.098

Stroke events and risk factors in older patients with moyamoya disease

World Neurosurg. 2024 Apr 22:S1878-8750(24)00671-5. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.098. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yudai Hirano¹, Satoru Miyawaki², Hideaki Imai³, Hiroki Hongo¹, Satoshi Kiyofuji¹, Seiei Torazawa¹, Satoshi Koizumi¹, Ryota Miyazawa¹, Nobuhito Saito¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
² Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: smiya-nsu@m.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, 5-1 Tsukudocho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

PMID: 38657789
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.098

Abstract

Background: We aimed to comprehensively analyze the epidemiology, natural history, stroke events and their risk factors, and the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant in older patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods: We enrolled patients with MMD followed-up at our hospital between 2000 and 2023. Those who developed MMD at age ≥ 60 years or were diagnosed at a younger age and followed-up after age 60 years were included. Baseline characteristics, onset type, radiological features, and RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant status were investigated.

Results: Among 56 patients with 100 affected hemispheres, 62 were asymptomatic, 26 experienced ischemic onset, and 12 had hemorrhagic onset. A higher incidence of anterior choroidal artery (AchA) dilatation and lower proportion of favorable modified Rankin scale scores were detected in hemorrhagic onset, whereas greater prevalence of bypass surgery in ischemic onset. Of 76 asymptomatic hemispheres at the age of 60 years, subsequent stroke events occurred in 10 hemispheres, comprising eight hemorrhages and two ischemias. Risk factors for de novo hemorrhage in asymptomatic hemispheres included AchA dilatation and choroidal anastomosis. Comparison of the RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys variant status showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics, onset types, or imaging findings, except for a higher percentage of patients in the GA group with a family history of MMD.

Conclusions: Hemorrhagic events were the most prevalent and prognostically deteriorating factors in older patients with MMD aged ≥60 years. AchA dilatation and choroidal anastomosis were predictors of de novo hemorrhage in asymptomatic nonsurgical hemispheres in older patients with MMD.

Keywords: anterior choroidal artery; choroidal anastomosis; moyamoya disease; older adult; periventricular anastomosis; risk factor.