Correlation analyses between serum ascorbic acid and several risk factors of cerebro- and cardio-vascular diseases were performed on apparently healthy adults (194 persons) aged 30-39 in order to estimate possible functions of ascorbic acid in the prevention of the disease. Serum ascorbic acid had an inverse and the strongest association with systolic blood pressure among the risk factors including blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, gamma-GTP and obesity. The association was independent of the other variables tested. When the subjects were divided into three different serum ascorbic acid level groups, the prevalence of hypertension (140/90 mmHg and above) was decreased with an increase in the ascorbic acid level. The close relationship of serum ascorbic acid and blood pressure observed in the study suggests that ascorbic acid may have a preventive function against hypertension, or a low ascorbic acid status in hypertensives may promote the further development of arteriosclerosis by the lack of favorable effect of ascorbic acid on lipid metabolism and others.