Cholecystoses is a generic term introduced by Colesson and Jutras for a group of abnormalities of the gallbladder that appear to be separate from inflammatory diseases. Cholecystoses imply a benign proliferation of normal tissue elements, whereas cholecystosis indicates a pathologic process that is distinct from inflammation. 1 072 cholecystectomies were examined. 180 cholecystoses were diagnosed, 162 were associated with gallstones. There was no difference concerning the clinical symptom between cholecystoses and cholelithiasis. Radiological study confirms and clarifies the nature and character of these gallbladder lesions. In the histological examination 49,4 per cent of the cases were cholesterolosis, 2,9 per cent polyposis and 47,7 per cent adenomatosis. The treatment of cholecystoses is first and foremost medical, exception in case of calcareous and porcelain gallbladders. Surgery is only indicated in cases in which medical treatment is unsuccessful and when a cancerous degeneration is suspected.