Although most enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains do not produce recognized enterotoxins, we wished to examine whether they produce any factors like heat-stable enterotoxin b or cholera toxin active subunits that might be missed by conventional assay methods. E. coli strains E851 (O142) and E2348 (O127) that had caused diarrhea in volunteers were negative for heat-labile enterotoxin and heat-stable enterotoxin a in Chinese hamster ovary cell and suckling mouse assays, failed to cause secretion in ligated small bowel loops from 6- to 8-week-old pigs after 4 to 5 h (used to show heat-stable enterotoxin b), and did not activate adenylate cyclase in pigeon erythrocyte lysates (used to demonstrate cholera toxin A subunit). We conclude that crude, unconcentrated culture filtrates and sonicates do not mimic heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins or cholera toxin or its A subunit and that enteropathogenic strains of E. coli probably have yet another mechanism or group of mechanisms by which they cause diarrhea.