In 1992, the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources received 18 case reports of brucellosis from a county health department. All patients had potential exposure to the kill floor of one pork processing plant. A subsequent National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health health hazard evaluation surveyed 154 (99%) of 156 kill floor workers of this plant and found that 30 (19%) had evidence of recent (or persistent) brucellosis. These data show that significant exposure to Brucella is occurring among packing plant workers in North Carolina and suggest that some of the approximately 38,000 production workers in pork processing plants in the United States are at risk of contracting swine brucellosis. Additional measures may need to be taken to prevent occupational exposure to Brucella.