Pneumopericardium, the presence of air in the pericardial space, is a rare disorder that is usually caused by trauma. We describe a patient given induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia who developed pulmonary aspergillosis that resulted in pericarditis and pneumopericardium. He responded to antifungal treatment and recovered from granulocytopenia, but died early during the next course of chemotherapy. Two other reported cases of pneumopericardium associated with pulmonary aspergillosis are summarized.