Identification of biologically active mutants by combinatorial cassette mutagenesis: exclusion of wild-type codon from degenerate codons

Anal Biochem. 1994 May 1;218(2):454-7. doi: 10.1006/abio.1994.1206.

Abstract

A degenerate codon (N)(N)(G+C) is often used in cassette mutagenesis to encode all 20 natural amino acids at the target mutation site. However, the presence of the wild-type codon in the degenerate codon presents some inconvenience in screening and identification of catalytically active mutants. The wild-type enzyme will always be identified as catalytically active in a screening process and in most cases can only be distinguished from active mutants by DNA sequencing. Sequencing of background wild-type enzyme represents wasted effort in the identification of active mutants. This paper describes a simple approach for exclusion of the wild-type codon in degenerate codons through the synthesis of two or three oligonucleotide mixtures. The minimum number of individual colonies required to achieve a high degree of certainty of including all possible codons for screening of catalytic activity can be estimated using a statistical procedure. The use of degenerate codons that exclude the wild-type amino acid facilitates the screening process and saves time and expense in DNA sequencing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acids / genetics
  • Base Sequence
  • Codon*
  • DNA / chemical synthesis
  • DNA / genetics
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis, Insertional*
  • Mutation*
  • Oligonucleotides / chemical synthesis
  • Oligonucleotides / genetics
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Codon
  • Oligonucleotides
  • DNA