This study identified predictors of reported sexual risk reduction among 109 female injection drug users enrolled in methadone clinics. Univariate analyses were used to examine the individual effects of each variable on the outcome of sexual behavior change over the past 6 months. Multiple logistic regression was then used to identify which of these variables were independently associated with such a change. Women with more than one sexual partner were more likely than women with one or no sexual partner to report changing their sexual behavior. African-American women were less likely than White Anglo or Latina women to report changing their sexual behavior. Women who held stronger beliefs that luck plays the largest role in getting AIDS were less likely to report changing their sexual behavior. Change in sexual behavior was associated with feeling comfortable asking partners to use condoms, higher depression scores, and loss of friends or family to AIDS. The observed relationship between personal susceptibility and depression suggests that risk reduction interventions should also address the depressive symptomatology associated with feelings of vulnerability.