Either parts or multiple copies of the core gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV) were fused to the 3' terminus of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core gene with 34 codons removed. As many as four copies of HCV core protein (720 amino acids) were fused to the carboxy terminus of truncated HBV core protein (149 amino acids) without preventing the assembly of HBV core particles. Chimeric core particles were sandwiched between monoclonal antibody to HBV core and that to HCV core, thereby indicating that antigenic determinants of both HBV and HCV cores were accessible on them. Proteolytic digestion deprived chimeric core particles of the antigenicity for the HCV core without affecting that of the HBV core, confirming the surface exposure of HCV core determinants. The density of HCV core determinants on chimeric core particles increased as copies of fused HCV core protein were increased. Hybrid core particles with multiple HCV core determinants would be instrumental as an antigen probe for detecting class-specific antibodies to the HCV core in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C and for simultaneous detection of antibodies to HBV core and those to HCV core in donated blood.