Tonsillectomy for improvement of dysphagia in children is well recognized, but its effects upon deglutition in the neurologically impaired child have not been described. A review was performed of pre- and post-operative oral-pharyngeal motility (OPM) studies obtained on 15 children (aged 1-10 years; mean 4.6 years) with neurologically-based dysphagia who underwent tonsillectomy for upper airway obstruction (13) or recurrent tonsillitis (2). Each OPM study was rated independently by two trained observers for the presence or absence of 13 features of deglutition. Subjects served as their own control in comparative analysis. There was a mean improvement of 4.33 features of deglutition (mode: 4, range: -1(-)+7) following tonsillectomy. Of 10 children with pre-existing laryngeal penetration or aspiration, two had partial resolution and five had complete resolution following surgery. Post-operatively, two children developed new laryngeal penetration with one also having aspiration. The inter-observer reliability for the OPM study interpretation was 0.90. We conclude that tonsillectomy has a role in the neurologically impaired child with dysphagia, but a pre-operative OPM study is indicated to identify silent aspiration and to aid in necessary counseling for the possibility of a deterioration of deglutition following surgery.