This article has presented the reader with an overview of the pulmonary disorders that develop during the course of HIV disease with special emphasis on the more commonly encountered entities. This information is intended to prepare the clinician to recognize the hallmark characteristics of the various diseases as well as atypical features. Despite the advances in basic understanding of the clinicopathologic consequences of infection with HIV, a cure has not been realized. There has, however, been success in controlling some of the major pulmonary problems that adversely affect both the quality and the length of life for persons with AIDS. For most complications of HIV infection, prognosis ultimately depends not only on treatment of the specific problem, but also controlling the relentless process of progressive immunosuppression. Continued research into treatment or prevention of HIV infection itself is needed, but at present prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment of recognized problems remain an intermediary goal.