Abstract
Retinoids or vitamin D have been found to profoundly affect pattern formation and chondrogenesis in the developing limb. These substances mediate their actions through their nuclear receptors. In the present investigation, we present data showing that 9-cis RA, the ligand for RXR can stimulate chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells, however, in combination, it antagonizes the stimulatory effect of vitamin D in the same system. The receptors for 9-cis RA (RXR) and vitamin D (VDR) were also shown to be present in the mesenchymal cells and to form heterodimers. These results implicate these receptors in cartilage differentiation during limb development.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Alitretinoin
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Animals
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Calcitriol / antagonists & inhibitors
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Calcitriol / pharmacology*
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Cartilage / growth & development
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Cell Differentiation / physiology
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Cell Division / physiology
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Cells, Cultured
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Chick Embryo
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Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / metabolism
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Dimerization
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Extremities / growth & development*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics
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Histocytochemistry
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Mesoderm / drug effects*
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Models, Biological
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Receptors, Calcitriol / metabolism
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism
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Transfection / genetics
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Tretinoin / pharmacology*
Substances
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Receptors, Calcitriol
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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Alitretinoin
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Tretinoin
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Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
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Calcitriol