Submandibular acinar cells of 1-day-old, 7-day-old, and adult rats were analyzed with X-ray microanalysis after stimulation with carbachol for different time periods (2-7 min). In unstimulated animals, marked differences in elemental content between compartments could be observed: secretory granules had a higher Ca and lower P and K content than other cell compartments. Comparison between different age groups showed significant differences for Ca, which increased with age in all compartments; Mg increased with age in the secretory granules and the apical cytoplasm. Only the glands from adult animals showed a significant effect of cholinergic stimulation: a transient decrease in Cl and K. The Cl concentration in the secretory granules decreased to 60% of the control value, which suggests that the granules release Cl upon stimulation. In young animals, no or little change in elemental distribution was observed after stimulation. This may indicate that Cl- secretion mechanisms are much less prominent in young animals. The ultrastructure of submandibular secretory granules depends on the preparation method: condensed and electrondense in freeze-substituted unfixed tissue, decondensed and more translucent in aldehyde-fixed tissue. This may indicate that the granules can transport water, and swell during the process of aldehyde fixation.