Thirty-nine solid-organ donors were evaluated to determine the incidence of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, clinical variables from 59 local recipients of renal allografts from these donors were examined to assess whether translocation in donors was associated with increased morbidity in the recipients of organs from node-positive donors. Ileocecal lymph node cultures were positive in 18 of 39 donors (46%). Sixteen donors (41%) were hypotensive [systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg] and 27 (69%) received blood product transfusions before organ donation. The presence of hypotension and blood product transfusion were associated with positive and negative cultures, respectively. In 24 (41%) of 59 organs transplanted from donors with periods of hypotension, significantly more (16 of 24, 67%) were associated with positive lymph node cultures than with negative cultures (8 of 24, 33%; p = 0.029). In recipients of organs from node-positive versus node-negative donors there was a trend toward higher incidence of infection (32% vs. 25%), need for hemodialysis post-transplant (29% vs. 23%), graft loss within 1 yr (24% vs. 19%), and lack of blood transfusion prior to organ procurement (43% vs. 23%), although these variables were not significantly different between the groups. Hypotension or inadequate resuscitation may contribute to increased bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. The overall impact upon the recipients of organs from donors with demonstrable translocation to lymph nodes remains undefined.