Rheumatoid arthritis is the most frequent inflammatory rheumatism disease. Several studies were aimed to understand its physiopathogenesis in particular the association between some HLA-DR alleles and rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study was carried out in 34 patients suffering from RA (30 Women and 4 men). The diagnosis was clinically and radiologically made. The control group included 220 persons of which the HLA-DR distribution was known. The HLA-DRB1 alleles were typed by PCR-SSP (Sequence Specific Primers). The most frequent HLA-DR alleles found in patients group were: DR10 (85.3%), DR52 (53%), DR14 (38.2%), DR11 (26.5%), and DR13 (20.3%). A significant difference was observed between RA patients and control group for the following alleles: DR3, DR10, DR18, and DR52 (p < 0.001; Chi square with Yates' correction). HLA-DR3 and DR10 were positively associated with RA. The relative risk was up 30 for DR10.