For many patients with malignant disease of the liver, liver transplantation offers the only opportunity for clinical cure or prolonged palliation. As a result of organ scarcity, patients are increasingly selected on the basis of tumour stage and with the predictable likelihood of prolonged survival in mind. Consequently, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 72% and 68% respectively have been described for patients transplanted with hepatocellular carcinoma for tumours measuring less than 5 cm in diameter or up to three in number. Moreover, many centres are developing adjuvant and neo-adjuvant therapeutic protocols to minimize the risks of disease recurrence following transplantation for malignancy. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge in relation to transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic neuroendocrine tumours, secondary solid tumours and other rarer malignancies.