Ring piezoelectric transducers radiating ultrasonic energy into the air

IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 1990;37(1):38-43. doi: 10.1109/58.46968.

Abstract

Ring piezoelectric transducers generating ultrasonic energy in air were designed and tested experimentally and numerically. The radiation pattern of the transducer is very narrow (4 degrees ) and its frequency response has a broadband character. Resonant frequencies of the transducers were determined experimentally and verified theoretically. Applications of the proposed ring transducers in a robotic ranging system were examined.