Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults
- PMID: 25927108
- PMCID: PMC4369613
Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide recommendations on exercise training as part of the management of hypertension in adults.Quality of evidence Evidence was found through a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality evidence-based reports, Bandolier, Clinical Evidence, the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement guidelines, the National Guideline Clearinghouse database, UpToDate,and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (part of Ovid Evidence Based Medicine Reviews) for articles published from January 1973 to September 2013. Study types were limited to meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews.
Main message: Exercise exerts an antiinflammatoryaction through the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, and has direct effects on blood pressure. The resulting physiologic effects are classified as acute, postexercise, and chronic. Current treatment guidelines emphasize the role of nonpharmacologic interventions, including physical activity, in the management of mild to moderate hypertension.
Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise has been proven to prevent hypertension and to help in the management of stage 1 hypertension. Dynamic resistance exercises, if done properly, contribute to lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There is insufficient evidence about the safety and efficacy of isometric resistance training to recommend it.
Objectif: Présenter des recommandations concernant l’entraînement physique dans le contexte de la prise en charge de l’hypertension chez les adultes.
Qualité des données: Les données probantes ont été cernées à la suite d’une recension systématique dans PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, les rapports fondés sur des données probantes de l’Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Bandolier, Clinical Evidence, les lignes directrices de l’Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, la base de données du National Guideline Clearinghouse, UpToDate et la base de données des révisions systématiques Cochrane (faisant partie des révisions en médecine factuelle Ovid) pour trouver des articles publiés de janvier 1973 à septembre 2013. Seuls les méta-analyses, les études contrôlées randomisées, les essais cliniques et les révisions ont été inclus.
Message principal: Les exercices déclenchent une action anti-inflammatoire par l’intermédiaire du système nerveux sympathique et de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien et ont des effets directs sur la tension artérielle. Les effets physiologiques qui en résultent sont classés comme étant aigus, postexercices et chroniques. Les lignes directrices actuelles sur les traitements insistent sur le rôle des interventions non pharmacologiques, y compris l’activité physique, dans la prise en charge de l’hypertension de légère à modérée.
Conclusion: Il a été démontré que des exercices aérobiques d’intensité modérée préviennent l’hypertension et sont utiles dans la prise en charge de l’hypertension de stade 1. Les exercices dynamiques contre résistance, s’ils sont faits de manière appropriée, contribuent à faire baisser à la fois la tension systolique et diastolique. Les données probantes sur la sécurité et l’efficacité des exercices contre résistance isométriques sont insuffisantes pour les recommander.
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