Identification of Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Oncogenic RET Kinase

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 5;10(6):e0128364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128364. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Oncogenic mutation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase is observed in several human malignancies. Here, we describe three novel type II RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), ALW-II-41-27, XMD15-44 and HG-6-63-01, that inhibit the cellular activity of oncogenic RET mutants at two digit nanomolar concentration. These three compounds shared a 3-trifluoromethyl-4-methylpiperazinephenyl pharmacophore that stabilizes the 'DFG-out' inactive conformation of RET activation loop. They blocked RET-mediated signaling and proliferation with an IC50 in the nM range in fibroblasts transformed by the RET/C634R and RET/M918T oncogenes. They also inhibited autophosphorylation of several additional oncogenic RET-derived point mutants and chimeric oncogenes. At a concentration of 10 nM, ALW-II-41-27, XMD15-44 and HG-6-63-01 inhibited RET kinase and signaling in human thyroid cancer cell lines carrying oncogenic RET alleles; they also inhibited proliferation of cancer, but not non-tumoral Nthy-ori-3-1, thyroid cells, with an IC50 in the nM range. The three compounds were capable of inhibiting the 'gatekeeper' V804M mutant which confers substantial resistance to established RET inhibitors. In conclusion, we have identified a type II TKI scaffold, shared by ALW-II-41-27, XMD15-44 and HG-6-63-01, that may be used as novel lead for the development of novel agents for the treatment of cancers harboring oncogenic activation of RET.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzamides / chemistry*
  • Benzamides / metabolism
  • Benzamides / toxicity
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Mutation
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Niacinamide / analogs & derivatives*
  • Niacinamide / chemistry
  • Niacinamide / metabolism
  • Niacinamide / toxicity
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / toxicity
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / metabolism
  • Pyridines / chemistry*
  • Pyridines / metabolism
  • Pyridines / toxicity
  • Small Molecule Libraries / chemistry*
  • Small Molecule Libraries / metabolism
  • Small Molecule Libraries / toxicity
  • Transfection

Substances

  • ALW-II-41-27
  • Benzamides
  • HG-6-63-01
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Pyridines
  • Small Molecule Libraries
  • XMD15-44
  • Niacinamide
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret