A mix of dietary fermentable fibers improves lipids handling by the liver of overfed minipigs

J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Mar:65:72-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Abstract

Obesity induced by overfeeding ultimately can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas dietary fiber consumption is known to have a beneficial effect. We aimed to determine if a supplementation of a mix of fibers (inulin, resistant starch and pectin) could limit or alleviate overfeeding-induced metabolic perturbations. Twenty female minipigs were fed with a control diet (C) or an enriched fat/sucrose diet supplemented (O + F) or not (O) with fibers. Between 0 and 56 days of overfeeding, insulin (+88%), HOMA (+102%), cholesterol (+45%) and lactate (+63%) were increased, without any beneficial effect of fibers supplementation. However, fibers supplementation limited body weight gain (vs. O, -15% at D56) and the accumulation of hepatic lipids droplets induced by overfeeding. This could be explained by a decreased lipids transport potential (-50% FABP1 mRNA, O + F vs. O) inducing a down-regulation of regulatory elements of lipids metabolism / lipogenesis (-36% SREBP1c mRNA, O + F vs. O) but not to an increased oxidation (O + F not different from O and C for proteins and mRNA measured). Glucose metabolism was also differentially regulated by fibers supplementation, with an increased net hepatic release of glucose in the fasted state (diet × time effect, P<.05 at D56) that can be explained partially by a possible increased glycogen synthesis in the fed state (+82% GYS2 protein, O + F vs. O, P=.09). The direct role of short chain fatty acids on gluconeogenesis stimulation is questioned, with probably a short-term impact (D14) but no effect on a long-term (D56) basis.

Keywords: Dietary fiber; Liver; Mini-pig; Proteomic; Short chain fatty acid.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects
  • Dietary Fiber / therapeutic use*
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / metabolism
  • Female
  • Fermentation
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Inulin / pharmacology
  • Lipid Metabolism / drug effects*
  • Lipogenesis / drug effects
  • Liver / drug effects*
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Overnutrition / diet therapy*
  • Overnutrition / etiology
  • Pectins / pharmacology
  • Proteins / genetics
  • Proteins / metabolism
  • Sucrose / adverse effects
  • Swine
  • Swine, Miniature

Substances

  • Dietary Fiber
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile
  • Proteins
  • Sucrose
  • Pectins
  • Inulin