High- and Low-Affinity Transport in Plants From a Thermodynamic Point of View

Ingo Dreyer; Erwan Michard

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.01797

High- and Low-Affinity Transport in Plants From a Thermodynamic Point of View

Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jan 30:10:1797. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01797. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Ingo Dreyer¹, Erwan Michard²

Affiliations

¹ Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
² Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States.

Abstract

Plants have to absorb essential nutrients from the soil and do this via specialized membrane proteins. Groundbreaking studies about half a century ago led to the identification of different nutrient uptake systems in plant roots. Historically, they have been characterized as "high-affinity" uptake systems acting at low nutrient concentrations or as "low-affinity" uptake systems acting at higher concentrations. Later this "high- and low-affinity" concept was extended by "dual-affinity" transporters. Here, in this study it is now demonstrated that the affinity concept based on enzyme kinetics does not have proper scientific grounds. Different computational cell biology scenarios show that affinity analyses, as they are often performed in wet-lab experiments, are not suited for reliably characterizing transporter proteins. The new insights provided here clearly indicate that the classification of transporters on the basis of enzyme kinetics is largely misleading, thermodynamically in no way justified and obsolete.

Keywords: computational cell biology; dual-affinity transport; high-affinity transport; low-affinity transport; modelling; nutrient transport; plant biophysics.