Clinical and sociodemographic characterization of pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19

Gac Med Mex. 2022;158(2):69-77. doi: 10.24875/GMM.M22000644.

Abstract

Introduction: In pregnant women, a higher risk for developing viral respiratory infections is identified.

Objective: To analyze sociodemographic characteristics, evolution, clinical manifestations, and complications of pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods: Study conducted at 11 public hospitals; sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, pregnancy characteristics, treatment and pregnancy outcome were included for analysis.

Results: Age ranged between 15 and 40 years; 85.1% were at third trimester of pregnancy, 11.9% at second and 3% at first; 27% had any comorbidity such as obesity, hypertension or asthma; 89.5% had fever, 73.1% cough, 44.8% dyspnea, 43.3% headache and 35.8% myalgia. Diagnoses were mild disease (55.2%), mild pneumonia (26.9%), severe pneumonia (10.4%), severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (4.5%), and severe pneumonia with septic shock (3%); 76.2% had noninvasive oxygen support, and 9%, mechanical ventilation. Pregnancy was interrupted in 53.8%; 95.5% were discharged due to improvement of their condition and 4.5% died.

Conclusions: Age range and symptoms are consistent with those previously reported. Evidence was found of an increase in cesarean section without a clear indication in women with COVID-19.

Introducción: En las mujeres embarazadas se identifica mayor riesgo de desarrollar infecciones respiratorias virales.

Objetivo: Analizar características sociodemográficas, evolución, manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones en mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19 que fueron hospitalizadas.

Métodos: Estudio en 11 hospitales públicos; se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, síntomas y signos, hallazgos de laboratorio y gabinete, características del embarazo, tratamiento y desenlace de la gestación.

Resultados: La edad osciló entre 15 y 40 años; 85.1 % cursaba el tercer trimestre del embarazo, 11.9 % el segundo y 3 % el primero; 27 % presentó alguna comorbilidad como obesidad, hipertensión o asma; 89.5 % presentó fiebre, 73.1 % tos, 44.8 % disnea, 43.3 % cefalea y 35.8 % mialgias. Los diagnósticos fueron enfermedad leve (55.2 %), neumonía leve (26.9 %), neumonía severa (10.4 %), neumonía severa con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (4.5 %) y neumonía severa con choque séptico (3 %); 76.2 % recibió soporte de oxígeno no invasivo y 9 %, ventilación mecánica. Se interrumpió el embarazo en 53.8 %; 95.5 % egresó por mejoría y 4.5 % falleció.

Conclusiones: El rango de edad y los síntomas coinciden con los señalados en la literatura especializada. En mujeres con COVID-19 se evidenció el incremento de la operación cesárea sin una indicación clara.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus infections; Hospitalization; Pregnant woman.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / therapy
  • Cesarean Section
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Pneumonia*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious* / diagnosis
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious* / epidemiology
  • Pregnancy Complications, Infectious* / therapy
  • Pregnancy Outcome
  • Pregnant Women
  • Young Adult