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. 2022 Oct 28;34(4):459-481.
doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0109. Print 2023 Jun 27.

A systematic review of the effect of photobiomodulation on the neuroinflammatory response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases

Kangzhe Xie  1   2 , Hala El Khoury  2 , John Mitrofanis  3 , Paul J Austin  2
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Review

A systematic review of the effect of photobiomodulation on the neuroinflammatory response in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases

Kangzhe Xie et al. Rev Neurosci. .

Abstract

This systematic review examines the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM), the application of red to near infrared light on body tissues, on the neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. The research question and search protocol were prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming ever more prevalent in the ageing populations across the Western world, with no disease-modifying or neuroprotective treatment options being available. Hence there is a real need for the development of effective treatment options for patients. Inflammatory responses and oxidative stress within the central nervous system have a strong correlation with neuronal cell death. PBM is a non-invasive therapeutic option that has shown efficacy and promising effects in animal models of neurodegenerative disease; many studies have reported neuroprotection and improved behavioural outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study that has reviewed the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant effect of PBM in the context of neurodegeneration. This review has examined this relationship in animal models of a range of neurodegenerative diseases. We found that PBM can effectively reduce glial activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and oxidative stress, whilst increasing anti-inflammatory glial responses and cytokines, and antioxidant capacity. These positive outcomes accompanied the neuroprotection evident after PBM treatment. Our review provides further indication that PBM can be developed into an effective non-pharmacological intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords: cytokine; glia; near infrared light; neurodegeneration; oxidative stress; red light.

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. 2022 Sep 21;12(10):1272.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101272.

The Transcranial Light Therapy Improves Synaptic Plasticity in the Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

Débora Buendía  1   2   3   4 , Tatiana Guncay  3 , Macarena Oyanedel  2 , Makarena Lemus  2 , Alejandro Weinstein  2 , Álvaro O Ardiles  3   5   6 , José Marcos  3   7 , Adriana Fernandes  1   4 , Renato Zângaro  1   4 , Pablo Muñoz  3   6   8
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The Transcranial Light Therapy Improves Synaptic Plasticity in the Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

Débora Buendía et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Emerging non-invasive treatments such as photobiomodulation target the mitochondria to minimize brain damage, improving cognitive functions. In this work, an experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effect of transcranial light therapy (TLTC) on synaptic plasticity (SP) and cognitive functions in an AD animal model. Twenty-three mice were separated into two general groups: an APP/PS1 (ALZ) transgenic group and a wild-type (WT) group. Each group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups: mice with and without TLTC, depending on whether they would undergo treatment with TLTC. Cognitive function, measured through an object recognition task, showed non-significant improvement after TLTC. SP, on the other hand, was evaluated using four electrophysiological parameters from the Schaffer-CA1 collateral hippocampal synapses: excitatory field potentials (fEPSP), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), long-term depression (LTD), and long-term potentiation (LTP). An improvement was observed in subjects treated with TLTC, showing higher levels of LTP than those transgenic mice that were not exposed to the treatment. Therefore, the results obtained in this work showed that TLTC could be an efficient non-invasive treatment for AD-associated SP deficits.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease non-invasive treatment; LLLT; cognitive functions; synaptic plasticity; transcranial light therapy.

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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