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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1972 2
1973 1
1974 1
1977 2
1978 4
1979 3
1980 3
1981 5
1982 2
1983 7
1984 22
1985 20
1986 22
1987 23
1988 42
1989 39
1990 63
1991 45
1992 40
1993 38
1994 58
1995 80
1996 106
1997 162
1998 157
1999 165
2000 168
2001 166
2002 184
2003 170
2004 206
2005 195
2006 223
2007 246
2008 260
2009 245
2010 257
2011 289
2012 319
2013 377
2014 335
2015 398
2016 319
2017 337
2018 304
2019 226
2020 223
2021 178
2022 83
2023 77
2024 28

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6,287 results

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Page 1
The Safety and Efficacy of Botanicals with Nootropic Effects.
Roe AL, Venkataraman A. Roe AL, et al. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(9):1442-1467. doi: 10.2174/1570159X19666210726150432. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021. PMID: 34315377 Free PMC article. Review.
Recent estimates for the global brain health supplement category, i.e. nootropic market size, will grow to nearly $5.8 billion by 2023. Overall, nearly one-quarter (23%) of adults currently take a supplement to maintain or improve brain health or delay and reverse dementia …
Recent estimates for the global brain health supplement category, i.e. nootropic market size, will grow to nearly $5.8 billion by 202 …
Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri.
Aguiar S, Borowski T. Aguiar S, et al. Rejuvenation Res. 2013 Aug;16(4):313-26. doi: 10.1089/rej.2013.1431. Rejuvenation Res. 2013. PMID: 23772955 Free PMC article. Review.
Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have substantiated BM's nootropic utility in humans. There is also evidence for potential attenuation of dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. ...
Several randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have substantiated BM's nootropic utility in humans. There is also eviden …
Phenibut (beta-phenyl-GABA): a tranquilizer and nootropic drug.
Lapin I. Lapin I. CNS Drug Rev. 2001 Winter;7(4):471-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2001.tb00211.x. CNS Drug Rev. 2001. PMID: 11830761 Free PMC article. Review.
Phenibut (beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid HCl) is a neuropsychotropic drug that was discovered and introduced into clinical practice in Russia in the 1960s. It has anxiolytic and nootropic (cognition enhancing) effects. It acts as a GABA-mimetic, primarily at GABA(B) a …
Phenibut (beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid HCl) is a neuropsychotropic drug that was discovered and introduced into clinical practice in …
Nootropics as Cognitive Enhancers: Types, Dosage and Side Effects of Smart Drugs.
Malík M, Tlustoš P. Malík M, et al. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 17;14(16):3367. doi: 10.3390/nu14163367. Nutrients. 2022. PMID: 36014874 Free PMC article. Review.
Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic compounds, substances increasing brain metabolism, cholinergic, and plants and their extracts with nootropic effects. Each subgroup o …
Based on their nature and their effects, this heterogeneous group of drugs has been divided into four subgroups: classical nootropic …
Nootropic potential of Ashwagandha leaves: Beyond traditional root extracts.
Wadhwa R, Konar A, Kaul SC. Wadhwa R, et al. Neurochem Int. 2016 May;95:109-18. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.001. Epub 2015 Sep 8. Neurochem Int. 2016. PMID: 26361721 Review.
Here we provide a review on the effects of Ashwagandha extracts and active principles, and underlying molecular mechanism(s) for brain pathologies. We highlight our findings on the nootropic potential of Ashwagandha leaves. The effects of Ashwagandha leaf extracts are mult …
Here we provide a review on the effects of Ashwagandha extracts and active principles, and underlying molecular mechanism(s) for brain patho …
Nootropic drugs: Methylphenidate, modafinil and piracetam - Population use trends, occurrence in the environment, ecotoxicity and removal methods - A review.
Wilms W, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Corvini PF, Chrzanowski Ł. Wilms W, et al. Chemosphere. 2019 Oct;233:771-785. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.016. Epub 2019 Jun 4. Chemosphere. 2019. PMID: 31200137 Review.
Alzheimer's disease or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are nowadays often misused by students as a 'brain doping' substances. These substances are known as nootropic drugs, smart drugs or cognitive enhancers, as they increase memory, attention and concentr …
Alzheimer's disease or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are nowadays often misused by students as a 'brain doping' substance …
Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements.
Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R. Cohen PA, et al. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Mar 1;180(3):458-459. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PMID: 31764936 Free PMC article.
This study analyzes 5 brands of dietary supplements to determine the prevalence of the nootropic drug piracetam in supplements advertised as cognitive enhancers....
This study analyzes 5 brands of dietary supplements to determine the prevalence of the nootropic drug piracetam in supplements advert …
[Nootropic drug evaluation for general practice].
Ihl R, Kretschmar C. Ihl R, et al. Nervenarzt. 1997 Nov;68(11):853-61. doi: 10.1007/s001150050207. Nervenarzt. 1997. PMID: 9732727 Review. German.
Treatment with "nootropic drugs" of patients suffering from dementia is often described as arbitrary. To define the potential usefulness of nootropic drugs, effects and side effects, economic aspects in comparison to other treatment approaches were studied. ...
Treatment with "nootropic drugs" of patients suffering from dementia is often described as arbitrary. To define the potential usefuln …
Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an overview.
Russo A, Borrelli F. Russo A, et al. Phytomedicine. 2005 Apr;12(4):305-17. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.008. Phytomedicine. 2005. PMID: 15898709 Review.
The plant, plant extract and isolated bacosides (the major active principles) have been extensively investigated in several laboratories for their neuropharmacological effects and a number of reports are available confirming their nootropic action. In addition, researchers …
The plant, plant extract and isolated bacosides (the major active principles) have been extensively investigated in several laboratories for …
6,287 results