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Table representation of search results timeline featuring number of search results per year.

Year Number of Results
1813 2
1814 16
1831 2
1837 1
1841 2
1844 1
1848 1
1855 2
1857 3
1859 1
1862 1
1864 1
1865 3
1868 1
1871 1
1872 1
1875 2
1877 1
1880 1
1881 1
1883 1
1884 2
1885 7
1886 17
1887 7
1888 5
1889 6
1890 2
1891 3
1892 5
1893 12
1894 4
1895 19
1896 31
1897 9
1898 15
1899 7
1900 4
1901 2
1902 8
1903 5
1904 24
1905 23
1906 10
1907 8
1908 6
1909 13
1910 26
1911 7
1912 21
1913 12
1914 22
1915 15
1916 17
1917 18
1918 15
1919 15
1920 31
1921 17
1922 17
1923 22
1924 25
1925 21
1926 25
1927 16
1928 18
1929 17
1930 13
1931 13
1932 24
1933 31
1934 27
1935 16
1936 8
1937 19
1938 18
1939 14
1940 15
1941 7
1942 14
1943 6
1944 12
1945 57
1946 191
1947 170
1948 156
1949 168
1950 310
1951 333
1952 335
1953 379
1954 340
1955 321
1956 228
1957 211
1958 227
1959 299
1960 275
1961 303
1962 322
1963 465
1964 721
1965 829
1966 824
1967 899
1968 1167
1969 1260
1970 1397
1971 1496
1972 1699
1973 1906
1974 2335
1975 2856
1976 3142
1977 3084
1978 3789
1979 4128
1980 3945
1981 3707
1982 4176
1983 4952
1984 5759
1985 5939
1986 5639
1987 6004
1988 6659
1989 7682
1990 7582
1991 8421
1992 9313
1993 10430
1994 11443
1995 12448
1996 12826
1997 14077
1998 14382
1999 13962
2000 14326
2001 14746
2002 15436
2003 16499
2004 17789
2005 19515
2006 21587
2007 22606
2008 24683
2009 27038
2010 29905
2011 33693
2012 38488
2013 42392
2014 47622
2015 49890
2016 53107
2017 56591
2018 61086
2019 66661
2020 79295
2021 91735
2022 96680
2023 91979
2024 39914
2025 1

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1,163,158 results

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Page 1
Comparative Approaches to Drug Pricing.
Kang SY, Bai G, DiStefano MJ, Socal MP, Yehia F, Anderson GF. Kang SY, et al. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020 Apr 2;41:499-512. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094305. Epub 2019 Dec 24. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020. PMID: 31874070 Free article. Review.
Insured patients often pay a percentage of the list price, and cost sharing creates some pressure to lower the list price. ...Other industrialized countries employ various forms of rate setting and price regulation, such as external reference pricin …
Insured patients often pay a percentage of the list price, and cost sharing creates some pressure to lower the list price …
Pharmaceutical cost analysis of dental diseases: An Indian scenario.
Talreja P, Kalra R. Talreja P, et al. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2020;31(3):165-177. doi: 10.3233/JRS-191033. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2020. PMID: 32145002
OBJECTIVE: This research study can be considered a partial economic evaluation that focuses on an estimation of costs associated with medicines used in the treatment of selected oral diseases to suggest policy measures to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure on m …
OBJECTIVE: This research study can be considered a partial economic evaluation that focuses on an estimation of costs associat …
A systematic review of pharmacoeconomic guidelines.
Zhao Y, Feng HM, Qu J, Luo X, Ma WJ, Tian JH. Zhao Y, et al. J Med Econ. 2018 Jan;21(1):85-96. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2017.1387118. Epub 2017 Oct 15. J Med Econ. 2018. PMID: 28959910 Free article. Review.
The most common methodological issues include the types of analysis, sources for effectiveness, use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) to measure outcomes, and use of incremental cost effectiveness ratios to present results. The majority of the guidelines preferred a …
The most common methodological issues include the types of analysis, sources for effectiveness, use of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) t …
Pharmacoeconomics.
Sule NS, Nerurkar RP, Kamath SA. Sule NS, et al. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002 Aug;50:1057-62. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002. PMID: 12421032 Review.
Then one compares these costs and benefits by calculating a cost: benefit ratio for each regimen. Four types of economic analyses are commonly used for this purpose. While cost minimization analysis ignores the benefits and focuses only on costs …
Then one compares these costs and benefits by calculating a cost: benefit ratio for each regimen. Four types of economic …
Drug price transparency initiative: A scoping review.
Ahmad NS, Makmor-Bakry M, Hatah E. Ahmad NS, et al. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020 Oct;16(10):1359-1369. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.01.002. Epub 2020 Jan 20. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020. PMID: 31987771 Review.
It has also been used as a reference in drug price setting mechanisms in some countries' pricing policies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the evidence available: 1) on government initiatives to mandate transparency in drug pricing worldwide, 2) on the reported eff …
It has also been used as a reference in drug price setting mechanisms in some countries' pricing policies. OBJECTIVE: To inves …
Pharmaceutical policies: effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies.
Acosta A, Ciapponi A, Aaserud M, Vietto V, Austvoll-Dahlgren A, Kösters JP, Vacca C, Machado M, Diaz Ayala DH, Oxman AD. Acosta A, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 16;2014(10):CD005979. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005979.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014. PMID: 25318966 Free PMC article. Review.
Other policies include price controls, maximum prices, index pricing, price negotiations and volume-based pricing. ...Reference pricing may reduce related expenditures with effects on reference drugs but the effect on expenditur …
Other policies include price controls, maximum prices, index pricing, price negotiations and volume-based pri …
Cross-national drug price comparisons with economic weights in external reference pricing in Germany.
Mahlich J, Sindern J, Suppliet M. Mahlich J, et al. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2019 Feb;19(1):37-43. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1527221. Epub 2018 Oct 14. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2019. PMID: 30273062 Review.
BACKGROUND: Since 2012, the pharmaceutical reimbursement legislation in Germany has been applying external reference pricing that uses country-specific economic weights for foreign prices. ...EXPERT COMMENTARY: The weighting of foreign pharmaceutical price …
BACKGROUND: Since 2012, the pharmaceutical reimbursement legislation in Germany has been applying external reference pricing that use …
Drug Policy in Romania.
Radu CP, Pana BC, Furtunescu FL. Radu CP, et al. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018 Sep;16:28-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2017.11.003. Epub 2018 Apr 26. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018. PMID: 29704726 Free article.
A critical appraisal was done covering published materials on the effects of pricing and reimbursement decisions. RESULTS: Romania uses an external reference pricing model considering the lowest price from 12 European Union countries. The result is the visibl …
A critical appraisal was done covering published materials on the effects of pricing and reimbursement decisions. RESULTS: Romania us …
Cost of postoperative complications: How to avoid calculation errors.
De la Plaza Llamas R, Ramia JM. De la Plaza Llamas R, et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2020 Jun 7;26(21):2682-2690. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i21.2682. World J Gastroenterol. 2020. PMID: 32550746 Free PMC article. Review.
The payment system in place often rewards the volume of services provided rather than the quality of patients' clinical outcomes. Without a thorough registration of PC, the economic costs involved cannot be determined. An accurate, reliable appraisal would help iden …
The payment system in place often rewards the volume of services provided rather than the quality of patients' clinical outcomes. Without a …
Hospital Price Transparency Rule Exposes Muddied Costs for Head and Neck Radiotherapy in One State.
Thompson S, Lewis L, Takiar V. Thompson S, et al. Am J Clin Oncol. 2022 Jun 1;45(6):268-272. doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000917. Epub 2022 Apr 27. Am J Clin Oncol. 2022. PMID: 35588227
OBJECTIVES: Financial toxicity due to cancer treatment is a significant concern for patients. To increase transparency related to treatment costs, the Hospital Price Transparency Final Rule (HPTFR) was passed on January 1, 2021. We used hospital pricing docum …
OBJECTIVES: Financial toxicity due to cancer treatment is a significant concern for patients. To increase transparency related to treatment …
1,163,158 results
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