Contemporary management of spinal AVFs and AVMs: lessons learned from 110 cases.
Rangel-Castilla L, Russin JJ, Zaidi HA, Martinez-Del-Campo E, Park MS, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG, Nakaji P, Spetzler RF.
Rangel-Castilla L, et al.
Neurosurg Focus. 2014 Sep;37(3):E14. doi: 10.3171/2014.7.FOCUS14236.
Neurosurg Focus. 2014.
PMID: 25175433
OBJECT: Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, complex spinal vascular lesions that are challenging to manage. ...The most common location was thoracic spine (61%), followed by cervical (22.7%), lumbar (14.5%), and sacral …
OBJECT: Spinal arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, complex spinal vascular lesions that ar …