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Year Number of Results
1908 1
1910 1
1911 5
1912 2
1914 1
1915 2
1916 2
1917 3
1918 1
1919 3
1920 1
1921 2
1922 1
1923 2
1924 2
1926 1
1927 1
1928 2
1929 1
1930 1
1931 2
1932 2
1933 1
1934 1
1935 1
1936 1
1937 1
1938 2
1939 1
1940 4
1941 1
1942 2
1944 2
1945 22
1946 47
1947 57
1948 65
1949 50
1950 76
1951 89
1952 75
1953 95
1954 82
1955 83
1956 107
1957 93
1958 102
1959 94
1960 117
1961 136
1962 144
1963 178
1964 222
1965 190
1966 194
1967 220
1968 265
1969 295
1970 282
1971 357
1972 352
1973 434
1974 390
1975 468
1976 462
1977 484
1978 476
1979 492
1980 475
1981 506
1982 514
1983 556
1984 539
1985 571
1986 620
1987 560
1988 592
1989 649
1990 674
1991 670
1992 647
1993 695
1994 680
1995 600
1996 653
1997 660
1998 626
1999 610
2000 621
2001 673
2002 661
2003 784
2004 740
2005 768
2006 840
2007 785
2008 791
2009 770
2010 839
2011 824
2012 891
2013 881
2014 942
2015 876
2016 786
2017 819
2018 883
2019 894
2020 924
2021 921
2022 856
2023 779
2024 287

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Page 1
Muscle Tone Physiology and Abnormalities.
Ganguly J, Kulshreshtha D, Almotiri M, Jog M. Ganguly J, et al. Toxins (Basel). 2021 Apr 16;13(4):282. doi: 10.3390/toxins13040282. Toxins (Basel). 2021. PMID: 33923397 Free PMC article. Review.
The simple definition of tone as the resistance to passive stretch is physiologically a complex interlaced network encompassing neural circuits in the brain, spinal cord, and muscle spindle. Disorders of muscle tone can arise from dysfunction in these pathways and m …
The simple definition of tone as the resistance to passive stretch is physiologically a complex interlaced network encompassing neural circu …
Pathophysiology of spasticity in stroke.
Burke D, Wissel J, Donnan GA. Burke D, et al. Neurology. 2013 Jan 15;80(3 Suppl 2):S20-6. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31827624a7. Neurology. 2013. PMID: 23319482 Review.
Spasticity does not necessarily require treatment: in fact, some patients rely on the increased muscle tone to help support otherwise weak muscle contractions for stance and locomotion. In addition, much of the increase in muscle tone arises from changes in …
Spasticity does not necessarily require treatment: in fact, some patients rely on the increased muscle tone to help support otherwise …
Pathophysiology of spasticity: implications for neurorehabilitation.
Trompetto C, Marinelli L, Mori L, Pelosin E, Currà A, Molfetta L, Abbruzzese G. Trompetto C, et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:354906. doi: 10.1155/2014/354906. Epub 2014 Oct 30. Biomed Res Int. 2014. PMID: 25530960 Free PMC article. Review.
As well as hyperexcitable stretch reflexes, secondary soft tissue changes in the paretic limbs enhance muscle resistance to passive displacements. Therefore, in patients with UMNS, hypertonia can be divided into two components: hypertonia mediated by the stre …
As well as hyperexcitable stretch reflexes, secondary soft tissue changes in the paretic limbs enhance muscle resistance to passive d …
Hypertonia.
Evans SH, Cameron MW, Burton JM. Evans SH, et al. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017 Jul;47(7):161-166. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jul 15. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2017. PMID: 28716516 Review.
Hypertonia is the abnormal increase in muscle tone as a result of upper motor neuron lesions. There are three following clinical types: spasticity, dystonia, and rigidity. Management of hypertonia is individualized and should be directed by the patient and/or …
Hypertonia is the abnormal increase in muscle tone as a result of upper motor neuron lesions. There are three following clinic …
Botulinum toxin A injection in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain with hypertonic pelvic floor in women: Treatment techniques and results.
Chuang FC, Yang TH, Kuo HC. Chuang FC, et al. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021 Jan;13(1):5-12. doi: 10.1111/luts.12334. Epub 2020 Jul 12. Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2021. PMID: 32654386 Review.
In addition to visceral sources of pain, pelvic floor dysfunction including myofascial pain and spasm on the pelvic floor muscles causing hypertonicity are causes often overlooked. Injecting botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into hypertonic pelvic floor muscles may ai …
In addition to visceral sources of pain, pelvic floor dysfunction including myofascial pain and spasm on the pelvic floor muscles causing …
Treatment of spasticity.
Marsden J, Stevenson V, Jarrett L. Marsden J, et al. Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;196:497-521. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-98817-9.00010-7. Handb Clin Neurol. 2023. PMID: 37620087 Review.
Spasticity is caused by a combination of damage to descending tracts, reductions in inhibitory activity within spinal cord circuits, and adaptive changes within motoneurons. Increased tone, hypertonia, can also be caused by changes in passive stiffness due to, for example, …
Spasticity is caused by a combination of damage to descending tracts, reductions in inhibitory activity within spinal cord circuits, and ada …
Rehabilitation management: Hypertonia.
Joseph C, Bailey-Sands E, Simenson R, Cameron M, May A, Hussein N, Shin MR, Evans SH. Joseph C, et al. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2023 Jan;53(1):101349. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2022.101349. Epub 2023 Jan 3. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2023. PMID: 36604285 No abstract available.
Pediatric tone management.
Vadivelu S, Stratton A, Pierce W. Vadivelu S, et al. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Feb;26(1):69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2014.09.008. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015. PMID: 25479780 Review.
Tone management is one of the primary roles of a pediatric physiatrist. Hypertonicity frequently inhibits normal movement patterns in children with central nervous system lesions but at times can reinforce muscle group firing and be useful for a child's function. .. …
Tone management is one of the primary roles of a pediatric physiatrist. Hypertonicity frequently inhibits normal movement patterns in …
Spastic dystonia: Still a valid term.
Lumsden DE. Lumsden DE. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2023 Oct;65(10):1308-1315. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15582. Epub 2023 Mar 20. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2023. PMID: 36940234 Review.
Hypertonia in childhood may arise because of a variable combination of neuronal and non-neuronal factors. Involuntary muscle contraction may be due to spasticity or dystonia, which represent disorders of the spinal reflex arch and of central motor output respectivel …
Hypertonia in childhood may arise because of a variable combination of neuronal and non-neuronal factors. Involuntary muscle c …
Medical Updates in Management of Hypertonia.
Dy R, Roge D. Dy R, et al. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020 Feb;31(1):57-68. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.09.010. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020. PMID: 31760994 Review.
Identifying the subtypes of hypertonia is becoming increasingly important. Treatment strategies, including tone-modulating surgical interventions, medication type and dosing, and chemodenervation, may differ depending on the type of hypertonia present. It is importa …
Identifying the subtypes of hypertonia is becoming increasingly important. Treatment strategies, including tone-modulating surgical i …
37,040 results
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